On November 18, at 3:00 PM, during COP30, the report GEO Brazil 2025: State and Outlook of the Environment will be launched at the UN Pavilion (Blue Zone). The initiative is coordinated by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA), with Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) leading the executive coordination, technical and financial support from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and collaboration from the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). The document presents unprecedented analyses and highlights urgent challenges to address the environmental and climate crisis in Brazil.
Among its key findings, the report reveals that spending on the environment accounted for only 0.26% of the federal budget between 2001 and 2022; about 30% of municipalities lack basic infrastructure for environmental management; and biomes such as the Pantanal and Cerrado have recorded historic temperature increases, reaching 3 °C and 4 °C. Air pollution causes approximately 51,000 premature deaths per year, while only 52.2% of sewage is treated—a rate that drops to less than 20% in the North region.
The report also highlights the expansion of agriculture over native ecosystems, which increased the occupied area from 187.3 to 282.5 million hectares between 1985 and 2022, accompanied by a 108% rise in pesticide sales. Despite Brazil’s leadership in renewable energy, the energy sector has become more carbon-dependent, with its share of national emissions rising from 11.3% to 18.3% between 2002 and 2023.
Based on the DPSIR methodology (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, and Responses) developed by UNEP, used in Global Geo reports, and adapted to the Brazilian context, GEO Brazil 2025 incorporates contributions from leading national experts on environmental issues. It provides a robust assessment of the interconnections between social, economic, and environmental systems, identifying historical and emerging challenges as well as opportunities for a fair and resilient green transition. The publication serves as a strategic tool to strengthen governance, guide public policies, and support international negotiations.
According to José Antônio Puppim, researcher at the São Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP), GEO Brazil 2025 is more than an environmental assessment; it is a call to action:
“The report shows, based on scientific evidence, where we stand and which paths we need to follow to integrate economic development and environmental protection. This vision is essential for Brazil to meet its climate targets and leverage its enormous potential to lead the transition to a more sustainable economy,” said Puppim, who also coordinates the FGV Earth research center at FGV EAESP.
To participate in the GEO Brazil 2025 launch event, register here.
Visit the GEO Brazil 2025 website.
Full coverage of Fundação Getulio Vargas’ participation in COP30, including agendas, exclusive content, and institutional contributions to global climate action, is available on the FGV Climate Agenda Platform.