The launch of the GEO Brazil 2025 report was one of the most significant moments at COP30, bringing together experts to present a comprehensive assessment of environmental quality in the country and propose pathways to address the challenges of the climate crisis. The document, released by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MMA), was coordinated by Fundação Getulio Vargas, with technical and financial support from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and collaboration from the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA).
GEO Brazil 2025 provides an in-depth analysis of the interconnections between social, economic, and environmental systems, highlighting progress, challenges, and opportunities. It also includes an executive summary in three languages: English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The report follows the DPSIR methodology (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, and Responses), adapted to the Brazilian context. This is the second edition of the report in the country since 2002, when it was launched during Rio+10.
“GEO is more than a technical report. It asks key questions: What are we doing to the environment? What are the consequences? And most importantly, what can we do to reverse this trend? Beyond strengthening the link between science and public policy, the publication offers a robust diagnosis and points to pathways for sustainable transformation,” said José Antônio Puppim, researcher at the São Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP) and coordinator of FGV Earth.
The document features in-depth analyses of critical themes for Brazil’s environmental agenda. Highlights include diagnostics and proposals related to climate change, biodiversity and ecosystem services, environmental quality management, and water resources, as well as reflections on strategic sectors such as agriculture, cities, energy, industry, and health. These analyses identify progress, challenges, and opportunities to transform productive and social systems, reinforcing the need for integration between science, public policy, and civil society.
During the event, Carlos Nobre, researcher at the University of São Paulo (USP), issued a stark warning about growing risks to Brazil’s biomes:
“We are facing an unprecedented climate crisis. Brazil has suffered greatly from extreme weather events in recent years—heat waves, droughts, floods—that have already caused thousands of deaths. Beyond global warming, we face a critical risk: deforestation. The Amazon is on the brink of a tipping point, as are the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Caatinga. If we don’t stop now, by 2070 we will lose the world’s greatest biodiversity, with irreversible impacts on health and the economy.”
Nobre also stressed the urgency of the energy transition:
“We need to accelerate dramatically. Brazil has the potential to be one of the first countries in the world to reach net-zero emissions by 2040. But this will only be possible if we halt deforestation and strengthen consistent public policies.”
Throughout the event, the GEO Brazil 2025 report was presented in detail by its authors, underscoring the importance of integrating science, society, and government to tackle environmental challenges and build scalable, replicable solutions.
The preliminary report is available on the project’s website. [Click here to access it.]
The official launch of the report will take place in Brasília (DF) on November 26.
Full coverage of Fundação Getulio Vargas’ participation in COP30, including agendas, exclusive content, and institutional contributions to global climate action, is available on the Agenda do Clima FGV Platform.